Understanding Karlovy Vary's Layout for Accommodation
When planning a visit to Karlovy Vary, a renowned Czech spa town, the first consideration for lodging is its geographical layout. Unlike sprawling metropolises, Karlovy Vary's charm lies in its concentrated spa district, making many key attractions walkable. The town is bisected by the Teplá River, with most spa hotels, colonnades, and treatment houses clustered along its banks and the adjacent hillsides. Understanding these zones helps you pinpoint an area that aligns with your vacation goals, whether they are focused on specific treatments, a lively atmosphere, or serene relaxation.
The primary accommodation hubs naturally gravitate towards the town center and the areas closest to the famous mineral springs. Hotels and apartments are strategically located to offer guests convenient access to the therapeutic waters, historical architecture, and the vibrant promenade. Proximity to the Grandhotel Pupp, the Mill Colonnade, and the Market Colonnade often dictates pricing and availability, as these are central landmarks for visitors seeking the quintessential Karlovy Vary experience. When choosing where to stay, prioritize locations that place the elements most important to your visit – be it the spa facilities themselves, a particular culinary scene, or access to hiking trails – within a comfortable radius.
The town's development has historically centered around its healing springs, meaning the most sought-after places to stay are typically situated within easy reach of these natural wonders. This concentration also means that while central areas offer convenience, slightly more peripheral locations might provide a quieter ambiance or potentially better value, without sacrificing access to the town's core amenities. Carefully surveying a map and considering the proximity to specific spring sources or treatment centers you intend to visit will significantly refine your search for the ideal Karlovy Vary accommodation.
- Central locations offer proximity to springs and colonnades.
- Consider proximity to specific treatment facilities.
- Peripheral areas might offer quieter stays or better value.
Choosing Your Base: Central vs. Peripheral Stays
The heart of Karlovy Vary pulsates around its spa colonnades and grand hotels. Staying in this central zone means you are typically just steps away from the town's main attractions, including the Hot Spring Colonnade and the picturesque streets lined with elegant architecture. This convenience is invaluable for those who plan to frequently visit the springs for drinking cures or undergo spa treatments, as it minimizes travel time and maximizes immersion in the town's restorative atmosphere. Many of the historic spa hotels are located here, offering an experience steeped in tradition and classic luxury.
Conversely, venturing slightly beyond the immediate center can offer distinct advantages. Areas a short walk or bus ride from the main promenade might feature more modern apartment rentals or boutique guesthouses that provide a more local feel. These locations often come with the benefit of quieter surroundings, allowing for deeper relaxation away from the gentle hum of tourist activity. Furthermore, accommodation prices can sometimes be more favorable in these less central spots, enabling visitors to potentially extend their stay or allocate more budget towards treatments and local experiences. The town’s compact nature ensures that even these slightly removed areas remain accessible, often just a pleasant 15-20 minute stroll to the core attractions.
Ultimately, the decision between a central or peripheral location hinges on your personal travel style and priorities. If your paramount concern is immediate access to everything and a lively environment, the center is unparalleled. If, however, you prioritize tranquility, potentially better value, or a more residential feel while still being a short distance from the action, exploring the outskirts of the spa district will likely yield excellent results for your Karlovy Vary accommodation.
Accommodation Types in Karlovy Vary
Karlovy Vary offers a diverse range of lodging options designed to cater to various traveler needs and budgets, from opulent historic spa hotels to comfortable apartments. The most traditional choice is the dedicated spa hotel, which often integrates treatment programs directly into your stay. These establishments typically offer full-board options, access to thermal pools, saunas, and a comprehensive menu of medical and wellness therapies, making them ideal for those seeking an all-encompassing health retreat. Many are housed in beautifully preserved Art Nouveau or Baroque buildings, providing an atmospheric backdrop to your restorative journey.
For visitors who prefer more independence or wish to self-cater some meals, apartments and holiday homes represent an excellent alternative. These can range from modern, well-equipped units in purpose-built complexes to charming studios or multi-bedroom dwellings within historic townhouses. Renting an apartment in Karlovy Vary is particularly attractive for families, longer stays, or for travelers who want the flexibility to explore the local culinary scene at their own pace. They often provide more living space and amenities like kitchens, which can be a significant cost-saver compared to dining out for every meal.
Beyond these primary categories, you will also find a selection of pensions and guesthouses. These establishments often provide a more intimate and personal experience, run by owners who are deeply familiar with the town and can offer valuable local insights. While they may not always offer the extensive facilities of a large spa hotel, they provide cozy accommodation and a warm welcome, often at a more accessible price point. Regardless of your preference, Karlovy Vary ensures that finding a suitable place to rest and recharge is a straightforward part of planning your visit.
Spa Hotels: The Immersive Health Experience
When people think of Karlovy Vary, the image of grand, historic spa hotels often comes to mind, and for good reason. These institutions are the backbone of the town's identity as a premier spa destination. They typically offer comprehensive medical spa packages that include accommodation, meals (often tailored to specific dietary needs), and a full slate of therapeutic treatments. These treatments can range from mineral water drinking cures and hydrotherapy to massages, inhalation therapies, and physical rehabilitation. Staying in a spa hotel is designed for an immersive experience, where your daily schedule revolves around your treatment plan, ensuring maximum benefit from the town's natural resources.
The appeal of these hotels extends beyond their medical facilities. They are usually situated in prime locations, often boasting stunning architecture, elegant common areas, and beautiful grounds. Many have their own internal spring sources or direct, covered access to colonnades, making daily wellness routines effortless, regardless of the weather. For travelers seeking a structured approach to health and rejuvenation, where every aspect of their stay is geared towards well-being, a spa hotel in Karlovy Vary provides an unparalleled level of service and convenience. Booking in advance is highly recommended, especially for packages that include specific treatments.
Apartments and Guesthouses: Flexibility and Local Charm
If the structured regimen of a spa hotel doesn't align with your travel plans, Karlovy Vary presents a wealth of apartment rentals and charming guesthouses. Apartments offer a degree of independence that many travelers cherish, providing kitchen facilities, separate living areas, and the freedom to set your own schedule. This makes them an excellent choice for families, groups of friends, or individuals planning an extended stay who want to experience the town on their own terms, perhaps exploring local markets and preparing some meals in their temporary home. The variety spans from contemporary, minimalist designs to units featuring traditional Czech decor.
Guesthouses, often referred to as pensions, tap into a different kind of traveler satisfaction. These smaller establishments typically offer a more intimate atmosphere, where personalized service and local hospitality shine. You might find yourself enjoying breakfast served by the owner, who is likely to have a wealth of knowledge about hidden gems and local customs. While they might not boast the extensive spa facilities of larger hotels, many guesthouses are still located within easy walking distance of the main attractions and offer a comfortable, cost-effective base for exploring Karlovy Vary. They are a wonderful option for those seeking a cozy, home-like feel during their visit.
Navigating Karlovy Vary's Districts for Stay
Karlovy Vary's structure lends itself to distinct areas, each offering a unique atmosphere for your stay. The most prominent district is the **Central Spa Area**, encompassing the immediate vicinity of the famous colonnades, particularly the Mill Colonnade and the Market Colonnade, and extending towards the historic Grandhotel Pupp. This is where most of the iconic spa hotels are located, offering unparalleled proximity to the town's main thermal springs, elegant shops, cafes, and cultural venues. Staying here means you are at the heart of the action, perfect for those prioritizing convenience and immersion in the classic spa town ambiance.
Just a short walk uphill from the center, you'll find areas offering slightly more elevated views and a potentially quieter experience, often referred to as the **Upper Town or hillside districts**. These locales can feature charming villas converted into apartments or smaller hotels, sometimes providing more expansive vistas of the surrounding valleys. While not directly on the promenade, these areas are still within easy walking distance of the main attractions, offering a balance between accessibility and tranquility. They can also be a good place to look for more competitively priced accommodation compared to the absolute prime spots.
Further afield, and often requiring a short bus ride or a more substantial walk, are the **outlying residential areas**. These districts are less focused on tourism and more on local life. While they might lack the immediate spa town charm, they can offer significant advantages in terms of lower accommodation costs and a more authentic glimpse into everyday Czech life. If your primary purpose is not intensive spa treatment but rather exploring Karlovy Vary and its surroundings, and you don't mind a bit of transit, these areas could be an economical and interesting choice for where to stay. However, for the quintessential spa experience, the Central Spa Area remains the undisputed focus.
The Heartbeat: Central Spa Area
The Central Spa Area is the undisputed nucleus of Karlovy Vary, where the town's rich history and therapeutic traditions converge. This district is characterized by its stunning architecture, grand colonnades housing thermal springs, and a vibrant pedestrian zone. Lodging here places you at the epicenter of the spa experience. You are mere steps away from sites like the Vřídlo (Hot Spring) and its pavilion, the majestic Grandhotel Pupp, and the numerous spa houses offering a variety of treatments. The constant, gentle flow of visitors, the elegant shopfronts, and the proximity to riverside promenades create a unique, restorative atmosphere that defines Karlovy Vary for many.
Accommodation in this zone is dominated by historic spa hotels, many of which have been meticulously restored to their former glory. These hotels often provide a complete wellness package, integrating accommodation with access to spa facilities and treatment protocols. While staying in this prime location offers unmatched convenience for accessing thermal cures and enjoying the town's amenities, it also means accommodation prices are typically at the higher end. For travelers who want to be fully immersed in the classic spa town environment and prioritize immediate access to all key attractions without frequent travel, the Central Spa Area is the ideal choice for where to stay in Karlovy Vary.
Elevated Views: Hillside and Upper Town Districts
Ascending from the valley floor, the hillside and upper town districts of Karlovy Vary offer a different perspective and ambiance for visitors. These areas are characterized by charming villas, often nestled among trees, which have been converted into apartments, guesthouses, and boutique hotels. The primary draw here is often the potential for more serene surroundings, away from the direct hustle of the central promenade. Visitors might find themselves enjoying elevated views of the town and the surrounding lush green hills, providing a sense of tranquility that complements the spa town's restorative purpose.
While not as immediately central as the prime spa district, these hillside locations are generally still within a reasonable walking distance to the main colonnades and treatment facilities, typically a pleasant 10 to 20-minute stroll downhill. This makes them an attractive option for those who appreciate a quieter environment but still desire convenient access to the town’s core offerings. Accommodation in these areas can sometimes offer better value compared to hotels directly on the main spa streets, and they provide an opportunity to experience a more residential side of Karlovy Vary. They strike a good balance for travelers seeking both peace and accessibility.
Local Living: Outlying Residential Areas
For travelers aiming to stretch their budget further or seeking a more authentic, local living experience, the outlying residential areas of Karlovy Vary present a viable option. These neighborhoods are primarily inhabited by locals and are generally less developed for tourism, meaning you won't find the concentration of spa hotels or souvenir shops here. Instead, accommodation typically comprises modern apartment blocks or houses, offering a glimpse into everyday Czech life outside the curated tourist zones. This can be particularly appealing for longer stays or for those who prefer a less tourist-centric environment.
The main consideration when choosing to stay in these outer districts is accessibility. While Karlovy Vary is a relatively compact town, relying on public transport or factoring in longer walks (potentially 30 minutes or more) to reach the central spa areas and treatment facilities will be necessary. However, for visitors who have specific destinations in mind, such as particular clinics or residential areas they need to be near, or who simply enjoy exploring on foot and are comfortable with public transit, these districts can offer substantial savings on accommodation. They provide a more grounded perspective on the town, away from the polished facade of the spa center.
When to Book Your Karlovy Vary Accommodation
Timing your accommodation booking in Karlovy Vary is crucial for securing your preferred lodging and potentially favorable rates. The town attracts visitors year-round, drawn by its curative springs, elegant architecture, and serene atmosphere. However, certain periods see a surge in demand, making early reservation advisable. High seasons typically coincide with warmer months, from late spring through early autumn, when the weather is most conducive to exploring the town and its surrounding nature. During these peak times, popular hotels and desirable apartments can book up months in advance, especially those offering specific spa packages or prime locations.
Consider also the town's event calendar. Karlovy Vary hosts notable events such as the prestigious International Film Festival, which dramatically increases demand and prices for accommodation in the film festival period. Local holidays and national Czech holidays can also see a spike in visitors. For those planning to attend specific events, booking as soon as dates are announced is essential. If your visit is not tied to a particular event and your primary goal is relaxation and spa treatments, exploring the shoulder seasons—late spring or early autumn, or even winter—might offer a quieter experience and potentially better availability or rates for where to stay in Karlovy Vary.
The frequency of your visit also plays a role. If you're undertaking a long-term spa cure, securing accommodation that suits your needs for an extended period is paramount. For shorter, leisure-focused trips, flexibility might be higher, but early booking is always a prudent strategy to ensure you get the accommodation that best fits your vision of a perfect Karlovy Vary retreat. Planning ahead helps manage expectations and ensures a smoother, more enjoyable trip, allowing you to focus on the restorative benefits the town offers.
Peak Season Planning and Booking
The period from May to September represents the apex of visitor numbers in Karlovy Vary, driven by pleasant weather ideal for leisurely strolls along the river, enjoying outdoor cafes, and exploring the scenic hiking trails surrounding the town. This influx means that accommodation, particularly in sought-after spa hotels and central apartments, becomes highly competitive. To secure your first choice of lodging, especially if you have specific treatment dates or room preferences, it is advisable to book six to twelve months in advance. Popular establishments often fill their calendars well ahead of time, and last-minute availability during these months can be scarce and costly.
Shoulder and Off-Peak Advantages
Visiting Karlovy Vary outside of the peak summer months can offer a distinct set of advantages. During the shoulder seasons (April-May and September-October) and the quieter winter period (November-March, excluding holidays), the town generally experiences fewer crowds. This can translate into a more tranquil and personalized spa experience, with less waiting time for treatments and a more relaxed atmosphere throughout the town. Furthermore, accommodation prices in hotels and apartments may be more moderate during these times, potentially allowing for longer stays or the booking of higher-tier rooms for the same budget. While the weather might be cooler, the core attractions and therapeutic benefits of Karlovy Vary remain accessible and highly enjoyable.
Event-Driven Travel Considerations
Karlovy Vary is a host to several significant events throughout the year that can heavily influence accommodation availability and pricing. The most prominent is the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, typically held in early July. During this period, the town is inundated with filmmakers, celebrities, and cinephiles, leading to hotel rooms being booked almost a year in advance and prices escalating considerably. Other events, such as local festivals, cultural performances, or specific medical conferences, can also cause temporary surges in demand. If your travel dates coincide with such events, it is imperative to book your accommodation as early as possible, often immediately upon confirmation of the event dates, to avoid disappointment and secure your preferred lodging.
Factors Influencing Accommodation Choice and Cost
When deciding where to stay in Karlovy Vary, several key factors will influence your final choice and the associated costs. Proximity to the town’s famous colonnades and mineral springs is a primary consideration for most visitors. Lodging directly within the Central Spa Area, close to the Mill Colonnade or the Hot Spring Colonnade, offers ultimate convenience for spa-goers but typically comes with a higher price tag. The type of accommodation also plays a significant role; historic spa hotels offering comprehensive treatment packages are generally the most expensive, followed by boutique hotels, then apartments, and finally simpler guesthouses or pensions.
The inclusion of services and amenities can heavily impact cost. Hotels that bundle spa treatments, meals (especially full board), and wellness facilities into their rates will reflect this in their pricing. Apartments, on the other hand, offer more flexibility, allowing you to manage costs by self-catering, but you will need to budget separately for treatments if you choose not to stay in a full-service spa hotel. The size and amenities of the unit—whether it's a studio, one-bedroom, or larger apartment with a balcony and scenic views—also contribute to price variations.
Finally, the time of year you plan to visit Karlovy Vary will significantly affect prices. During peak season (summer months) and around major events like the Film Festival, demand surges, leading to higher rates. Traveling during the off-season or shoulder periods can often yield more budget-friendly options. Understanding these variables allows you to make an informed decision, balancing your desire for comfort, convenience, and specific services with your overall travel budget for Karlovy Vary accommodation.
Location, Location, Location: Proximity to Springs and Attractions
The most significant determinant of where to stay in Karlovy Vary, and consequently its cost, is its proximity to the town's therapeutic heart: the mineral springs and their accompanying colonnades. Lodging within the immediate Central Spa Area offers unparalleled access. Imagine stepping out of your hotel and being moments away from sipping healing waters at the Mill Colonnade or the Market Colonnade, or attending your scheduled treatments at nearby spa institutions. This convenience is highly valued by visitors focused on a rigorous drinking cure or intensive therapy schedules. Consequently, hotels and apartments in these prime locations command premium prices due to their desirability and strategic advantage.
Accommodation Type and Inclusions
The broad spectrum of accommodation types in Karlovy Vary means a wide range of pricing and service levels. At the top end are the grand spa hotels, which typically include a comprehensive package of accommodation, all meals (often with specialized dietary options), and a set number of medical and wellness treatments. These all-inclusive experiences are priced accordingly. Moving down the scale, boutique hotels might offer elegant rooms with breakfast, and then there are independent apartments and guesthouses. Apartments provide flexibility; you can choose accommodation only and pay for treatments and meals separately, potentially offering more control over your budget. Guesthouses often provide a more basic but cozy lodging experience, usually including breakfast, and tend to be more economically priced.
Seasonal Pricing and Event Impact
Karlovy Vary experiences distinct pricing shifts throughout the year, largely dictated by seasonal demand and local events. The summer months, from June to August, are considered high season. During this period, when the weather is most appealing for outdoor activities and spa enjoyment, accommodation prices are at their highest. Conversely, the off-peak seasons, typically November through March (excluding Christmas and New Year), often present the most favorable rates. The shoulder periods in spring and autumn can offer a balance, with reasonable prices and fewer crowds. Major events, such as the International Film Festival in July, can cause prices to skyrocket and availability to vanish, necessitating booking many months in advance.
Tips for Booking Your Ideal Karlovy Vary Stay
Securing the perfect place to stay in Karlovy Vary involves a blend of understanding your personal needs and navigating the local offerings. Before you begin searching, clarify your priorities: Is your primary goal a structured spa cure requiring full board and treatments, or are you looking for a comfortable base to explore the town and its surroundings at your own pace? Consider your budget, the desired level of comfort, and whether you prefer the convenience of a hotel or the independence of an apartment. Reading recent reviews can offer invaluable insights into the actual guest experience, highlighting aspects like service quality, noise levels, and the accuracy of property descriptions.
When comparing options, pay close attention to what is included in the rate. For spa hotels, verify the specifics of any included treatment packages, meal plans, and access to thermal facilities. For apartments, check for amenities like Wi-Fi, kitchen equipment, and proximity to essential services such as grocery stores or public transport. It is also wise to look into cancellation policies, especially if your travel plans are subject to change. Booking directly with hotels or through reputable online travel agencies (OTAs) are both viable strategies; sometimes direct bookings offer better rates or more flexible terms, while OTAs can provide price comparisons across multiple properties.
Finally, do not hesitate to contact accommodation providers directly with any specific questions. Whether you need to confirm accessibility, inquire about parking, or ask about dietary accommodations, a direct conversation can clarify details and ensure your chosen lodging perfectly matches your expectations for a rejuvenating visit to Karlovy Vary. Planning ahead, reading reviews, and understanding inclusions will pave the way for a seamless booking experience and a truly memorable stay.
Define Your Visit's Purpose
The first and most critical step in booking accommodation in Karlovy Vary is to clearly define the purpose of your visit. Are you coming for a specific medical treatment program, a wellness retreat, or a leisurely exploration of the historic spa town? If your aim is a comprehensive spa cure, prioritizing spa hotels that offer integrated treatment plans, doctors' consultations, and full board tailored to health regimens is paramount. These establishments are designed for an immersive therapeutic experience. If your visit is more about sightseeing, enjoying the architecture, and sampling local cafes and nature, then a comfortable hotel, apartment, or guesthouse that serves as a convenient base, perhaps with breakfast included, would be more suitable. Understanding this core objective will narrow down your search effectively.
Leverage Reviews and Direct Communication
Customer reviews are an indispensable tool when selecting where to stay in Karlovy Vary. Look for recent feedback on platforms that offer genuine user experiences, paying attention to comments on cleanliness, staff helpfulness, the quality of amenities, and the accuracy of the property's advertised location and features. Specific mentions of noise levels, the effectiveness of Wi-Fi, or the condition of spa facilities can be particularly telling. Do not hesitate to reach out directly to the hotel or apartment owner if you have specific questions not covered in the description or reviews. Inquiries about parking availability, pet policies, specific room requests, or dietary needs can often be best resolved through direct communication, ensuring your chosen lodging fully meets your expectations before you commit to a booking.
Understand Inclusions and Cancellation Policies
Before finalizing any booking for Karlovy Vary accommodation, it is crucial to thoroughly understand what is included in the price and the terms of cancellation. For spa hotels, clarify precisely which treatments, therapies, meals, and access to facilities like pools or saunas are part of the package. Some may offer a basic rate with treatments as add-ons, while others bundle them comprehensively. For apartments, confirm essentials like Wi-Fi, air conditioning (if applicable and needed), and kitchenware. Equally important is scrutinizing the cancellation policy. Travel plans can change, and knowing whether you can receive a full refund, partial refund, or no refund if you need to cancel, and under what conditions, can save considerable financial stress. Opting for options with flexible cancellation terms provides peace of mind, especially when booking further in advance.
Making the Most of Your Karlovy Vary Stay
Once you've settled on your ideal accommodation in Karlovy Vary, maximizing your experience involves a few strategic considerations. Embrace the town's primary purpose by regularly visiting the colonnades to sample the mineral springs, each with its unique mineral composition and temperature, and learn about their specific health benefits. Many visitors find great value in undergoing a course of drinking cures, often guided by a doctor's recommendation obtained locally. Beyond the springs, immerse yourself in the town's rich cultural heritage by exploring its elegant architecture, visiting museums, and attending classical concerts or other performances often held in its grand halls.
Karlovy Vary is also surrounded by beautiful natural landscapes. Take advantage of the numerous hiking trails that wind through the hills, offering stunning viewpoints and a chance to enjoy the fresh Bohemian air. The Diana Observation Tower and the nearby Jelení skok (Deer Leap) lookout are popular destinations accessible via walking or a funicular. For culinary exploration, venture beyond hotel dining to discover local Czech cuisine at traditional pubs and restaurants, sampling regional specialties and the famous Karlovy Vary wafer cookies, often best enjoyed warm from local vendors. The goal is to combine the restorative elements of the spa town with the enjoyment of its culture, nature, and gastronomy for a well-rounded visit.
Remember that the pace of Karlovy Vary is generally relaxed, encouraging a focus on well-being and gentle activity. Build in downtime for simply strolling along the Teplá River, enjoying a coffee in a picturesque square, or indulging in a leisurely spa treatment. This mindful approach to your stay will amplify the benefits of visiting this unique Czech gem, ensuring that your time spent here is both deeply restorative and richly enjoyable. Your accommodation choice will undoubtedly shape your daily routine, so selecting a base that supports your personal itinerary is key to a successful and rejuvenating trip.
Embrace the Spa Rituals
The very essence of Karlovy Vary lies in its thermal springs and the therapeutic rituals associated with them. Make it a daily habit to visit the different colonnades—such as the Mill Colonnade, Market Colonnade, and the Hot Spring Colonnade—to sample the mineral waters. Each spring offers a distinct taste and therapeutic profile, so consult local spa guides or a doctor to understand which might best suit your health needs. Many visitors also benefit from hydrotherapy, mud baths, electrotherapy, and therapeutic massages available at local spas and hotels. Integrating these treatments into your routine can profoundly enhance the restorative effects of your visit.
Explore Beyond the Springs
While the thermal springs are the main draw, Karlovy Vary offers much more to explore. Take time to wander through the town's historic streets, admiring the diverse architectural styles ranging from Baroque to Art Nouveau. Visit the Jan Becher Museum to learn about the famous herbal liqueur produced locally. For nature lovers, the surrounding Slavkov Forest and the numerous hiking paths provide ample opportunities for scenic walks, leading to viewpoints like the Diana Observation Tower or the Jelení skok rock formation. A ride on the funicular railway up to the Deer Leap lookout offers panoramic views and a pleasant way to experience the local topography. Integrating these activities ensures a well-rounded experience beyond the spa treatments.
Savor Local Flavors and Culture
No visit to Karlovy Vary is complete without indulging in its culinary offerings and cultural experiences. Sample traditional Czech dishes at local restaurants, such as goulash, svíčková, or dumplings, paired with excellent Czech beer. Be sure to try the famous Karlovy Vary wafers (lázeňské oplatky), which are best enjoyed fresh and warm, often sold from small kiosks. Beyond food, consider attending a classical music concert, perhaps at the Municipal Theatre or in one of the grand hotel ballrooms, or visiting during the time of the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival if your schedule permits. Engaging with the local culture and cuisine enriches the spa experience, providing a deeper connection to the town.